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如果有一天，你可以选择生育一个小“爱因斯坦”，也可以生育一个智商普通的孩子，你会做出什么样的选择？据科学家预计，未来10年内，人类将可以使用试管婴儿技术选择“最聪明”的胚胎。

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Genetics research, conceptual artwork. CHINA DAILY

Couples undergoing IVF treatment could be given the option to pick the “smartest” embryo within the next 10 years, a leading US scientist has predicted.

据美国一名权威科学家预计，未来10年之内，做试管婴儿的夫妇将能够选择“最聪明”的胚胎。

IVF：in vitro fertilization 体外受精联合胚胎移植技术，又称“试管婴儿”

Stephen Hsu, senior vice president for research at Michigan State University, said scientific advances mean it will soon be feasible to reliably rank embryos according to potential IQ, posing profound ethical questions for society about whether or not the technology should be adopted.

美国密歇根州立大学主管科研的副校长徐道辉（斯蒂芬·徐）说，科学进步意味着人类不久就能够对胚胎的潜在智商给出可靠的评分，这项技术是否应该使用将是一个深刻的社会伦理问题。

Hsu’s company, Genomic Prediction, already offers a test aimed at screening out embryos with abnormally low IQ to couples being treated at fertility clinics in the US.

徐道辉的基因组预测公司已经为在美国不孕不育诊所接受治疗的夫妇提供了一项检测服务，旨在筛查出智商异常低的胚胎。

Medical staff put clothes on the newborn test-tube baby at a hospital in Xi'an, Northwest China's Shaanxi province. [Photo/Xinhua]

Prediction for IQ is not good enough to give a reliable ranking, but Hsu said that knowing an embryo has a low score could still be desirable.

智商预测目前还不足以给出可靠的评分，但徐道辉表示，如果一个胚胎的智商评分较低，人们可能还是很想知道。

“Maybe the bottom 1% embryo will grow up to be a great person … even be a scientist, but the odds are against it,” he said. “I honestly feel if we can calculate that score and find a real negative outlier there’s an ethical responsibility for us to report that.”

徐道辉说：“也许评分最低的1%的胚胎长大后会成为一个优秀的人……甚至成为一名科学家，但这种可能性很小。我真的觉得，如果我们能计算出这个评分，发现它低得十分异常，那么我们就有道德责任予以告知。”

The company projects that once high-quality genetic and academic achievement data from a million individuals becomes available, expected to be within five to 10 years, it will be able to predict IQ to within about 10 points.

该公司预计，在5至10年内，一旦100万人的高质量基因和学术成就数据可用，它将能够预测智商，误差在10分以内。

Hsu is reticent about whether screening for high intelligence would be ethically justified, saying: “Let me just decline to answer that at the moment.”

徐道辉不愿评论高智商筛查是否符合伦理标准，说“目前我拒绝回答这个问题”。

reticent ['rets()nt]：adj.沉默的；有保留的

In some countries, such as Singapore, there is likely to be a high level of public acceptance and demand for such tests, he suggested. “I think the overwhelming majority would say yes, absolutely, parents should be allowed to do that,” he said. “Before you write your piece, you might just want to think that a billion people on the other side of the world might have a different view.”

徐道辉说，在一些国家，比如新加坡，公众对此类检测的接受度和需求可能会很高。他说：“我认为绝大多数人肯定会赞成允许父母这样做。在你写这篇报道之前，也许应该想想地球另外一端的10亿人可能有不同的看法。”

Whether such tests will become available in the UK would depend on approval from the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA).

这种检测方法能否在英国实施将取决于英国人工授精与胚胎学管理局的批准。

“If the HFEA decides that it’s not right for the UK, I will respect that,” Hsu said, but predicted that “rich people from the UK will fly to Singapore” if they are unable to get the tests locally.

他说:“如果英国人工授精与胚胎学管理局认为这对英国不合适，我会尊重这个决定。”但他预测，如果英国富人无法在当地进行这项检测，“他们会飞到新加坡去做的。”

Some in the UK take the view that prospective parents have a right to access such tests. “I don’t think people should be deprived of that knowledge,” said Prof Simon Fishel, the founder of Care Fertility.

在英国，一些人认为未来的父母有权进行此类检测。生育关怀组织的创始人西蒙费舍尔教授说:“我认为不应该剥夺人们的这种知情权。”

Fishel questioned whether there is any ethical difference between picking an embryo ranked highest for IQ or sending a child to a private school. “What’s wrong with ranking an embryo if you can rank a child?” he said. “I think there are plenty of people who’d choose embryo Oxford [rather] than embryo A-level failure.”

费舍尔质疑挑选智商最高的胚胎和送孩子去私立学校之间是否存在伦理上的差异。“如果你能给孩子评分，那给胚胎评分又有什么错呢？”他说。“我认为有很多人会选择未来能考取牛津的胚胎而不是无法通过英国中学高级水平考试的胚胎。”

In practice, though, couples often have only a few embryos to choose from. And there are concerns about unintended consequences. For instance, there is some evidence linking higher polygenic scores for academic ability to higher likelihood of autism.

但实际上，夫妇们通常只有几个胚胎可供选择。此外，人们还担心会出现意想不到的后果。例如，有证据表明，学术能力的多基因得分越高，患自闭症的可能性就越大。

The technology is controversial, but that does not mean it will not gain acceptance in the future, Hsu said, drawing parallels with the reaction to IVF in its early days.

徐道辉说，这项技术存在争议，但这并不意味着它在未来不会被接受，这与早期人们对体外受精的反应类似。

“The IVF pioneers … were called monsters, Frankenstein doctors; it was predicted that these babies would have health problems,” he said. “I am actually reassured by that. IVF is completely normalized now. Everyone who is pointing their finger at [Genomic Prediction] now should go back and read those articles.”

他说：“试管婴儿的先驱被称为怪物，弗兰肯斯坦医生。当时人们预测这些婴儿会有健康问题。实际上，我对此很放心。试管受精现在已经完全正常化。现在，所有指责（基因组预测）的人都应该回去读读那些文章。”

来源：卫报、参考消息网

翻译编辑：yaning

来源：中国日报网

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